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Battle of Surabaya is a historical event of war between the Indonesian army and Dutch forces . This major event occurred on November 10, 1945 in Surabaya , East Java . This battle was the first war Indonesian troops with foreign forces after the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence and one of the largest and heaviest fighting in the history of the Indonesian National Revolution who became a national symbol of Indonesian resistance against colonialism top.
The arrival of Japanese troops to Indonesia.
Dated March 1, 1942 , Japanese troops landed on the island of Java , and seven days later, on March 8, 1942 , the Dutch colonial government surrendered unconditionally to the Japanese based Kalijati Agreement . After the unconditional surrender proficiency level , Indonesia formally occupied by the Japanese .Three years later , Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies after the dropping of the atomic bomb ( the United States ) in Hiroshima and Nagasaki . The incident occurred in August 1945 . In the foreign power vacuum , Sukarno then proclaimed Indonesian independence on August 17, 1945 .
The arrival of British troops and the Netherlands.
After the defeat of the Japanese , the people and the Indonesian fighters attempted to disarm the Japanese troops . So there was the battles that claimed in many areas . When the movement to disarm the Japanese troops were blazing , September 15 , 1945, British troops landed in Jakarta , then landed in Surabaya on October 25, 1945 . The British are coming to Indonesia joined in AFNEI ( Allied Forces Netherlands East Indies ) and the decision on behalf of the Bloc allies , with the task to disarm the Japanese army , freeing the prisoners of war are detained Japan , and the Japanese soldiers repatriated to his country . But besides that British troops were coming also on a mission to return Indonesia to the Dutch government administration as a Dutch colony . NICA ( Netherlands Indies Civil Administration ) piggybacking join the entourage of the British army for the purpose. This triggered turmoil led to the movement of the people of Indonesia and the Indonesian people resistance everywhere against the army and the NICA AFNEI .
Incident at Hotel Yamato, Tunjungan, Surabaya.
After the emergence of the Indonesian government edict dated August 31, 1945 which stipulates that from 1 September 1945 the national flag hoisted flag was kept in all parts of Indonesia , the flag hoisting movement is expanding to all corners of the city of Surabaya . Climax movement flag in Surabaya torn flag incident occurred on Yamato Hoteru / Hotel Yamato ( named Oranje Hotel or Hotel Orange in colonial times , now named Hotel Majapahit ) in Jl . No allowance . 65 Surabaya .A group of Dutch people under the leadership of Mr . W.V.Ch. Ploegman on the afternoon of 18 September 1945 , exactly at 21:00 , flying the flag of the Netherlands ( Red - White - Blue ) , without the approval of the Regional Government of Indonesia Surabaya , on the pole at the top level Yamato , north side . The next day saw the youth Surabaya and become angry because they consider the Dutch had insulted Indonesia's sovereignty , seeking to regain power back in Indonesia , and harassing the flag -raising movements that are taking place in Surabaya .Shortly after mengumpulnya mass in Yamato , Resident Sudirman , warrior and diplomat who was then serving as Deputy Resident ( Fuku Syuco Gunseikan ) are still recognized government Syu Dai Nippon Surabaya , Surabaya as well as the Regional Resident GOI , coming through the crowd and entered the mass Yamato escorted to the hotel and Hariyono Sidik . As a representative he conferred with Mr. RI . Ploegman and his friends and asked that the flag of the Netherlands immediately derived from Yamato Hotel building . In these negotiations Ploegman refuse to lower the Dutch flag and refused to acknowledge the sovereignty of Indonesia . The talks heated up , Ploegman pulled out a gun , and a fight broke out in the assembly hall . Ploegman died strangled by Sidik , who later was killed by Dutch soldiers on guard and heard the pistol shot Ploegman , while Sudirman and fled Hariyono Yamato . Most youths scramble up to the top of the hotel to drop Dutch flag . Sudirman Hariyono originally shared back to the hotel and is involved in climbing and a flag pole with Koesno Wibowo successful in reducing the Dutch flag , ripped blue part , and mengereknya back to the top of the flagpole as the flag .After the incident at the Yamato Hotel , on October 27, 1945 the first battle erupted between Indonesia against the British army . The small attacks later turned into a general strike that many casualties on both sides Indonesian and English , before finally General DC Hawthorn President Sukarno's call for help to defuse the situation .
Death of Brigadier Mallaby.
After the cease-fire between the Indonesian and the English army was signed on October 29, 1945 , the state gradually subsided . Even so it still occurs armed clashes between the people and the British troops in Surabaya . Armed clashes in the Surabaya culminated with the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby , ( head of the British army for the East Java ) , on October 30, 1945 at around 20:30 . Buick car carrying Brigadier General Mallaby was passed by a group of Indonesian militias when going past the Red Bridge . Misunderstanding leads to shootout that ended with the death of Brigadier General Mallaby by a gun shot a young Indonesian man who until now not been identified , and the burning of the car hit by grenade explosions that cause Mallaby bodies beyond recognition . Mallaby 's death led to the angry English to Indonesia and resulted in the replacement decision Mallaby , Maj. Gen. Eric Carden Robert Mansergh issued an ultimatum to 10 November 1945 to ask the Indonesian handed weapons and stop fighting the army and administration AFNEI NICA .
10 November 1945.
After the killing of Brigadier General Mallaby , his successor , Major General Robert Mansergh issued an ultimatum that says that all the leaders and the Indonesian armed to report and put the gun in the place designated and submit himself with the arms raised above . Limit ultimatum is at 6:00 am on 10 November 1945 .The ultimatum was then regarded as an insult to the fighters and people that have shaped many agencies struggle / militia . The ultimatum was rejected by the Indonesian side of the Republic of Indonesia on the grounds that it was already established , and the People's Security Army TKR has also been established as the state forces . In addition , many organizations have formed armed struggle of society , including among youth , students and students who oppose the re-entry of Dutch rule that ride with the presence of British troops in Indonesia .On November 10 morning , the British army began a large-scale attack , beginning with aerial bombing government buildings to Surabaya , and then deployed about 30,000 infantry , a number of aircraft , tanks , and warships .England then bombard Surabaya city with cannons from the sea and land . Indonesian troops and militia resistance then raged across the city , with the active assistance of the residents . Involvement of residents in this battle resulted in thousands of civilians falling victim in the attack , both dead and wounded .Unexpectedly the British who suspect that the resistance in Surabaya can be conquered in three days , the community leaders such as Bung Tomo young pioneers which have great impact on the community continues to stir the spirit of resistance Surabaya youth so that the resistance continues large -scale attack in the middle of England .Religious leaders which consists of scholars and clerics clerics cottage Java - like KH . Hasyim , KH . Wahab Hasbullah and other pesantren leaders also mobilized their students and civil society as a militia resistance ( at that time the community was not so obedient to the government but they are more docile and obedient to the clerics ) shingga Indonesian longstanding opposition party , from day to days , until the other from week to week . Popular resistance initially spontaneous and uncoordinated , increasingly regular . The large -scale battle reaches up to three weeks , the entire city of Surabaya before finally falling in the hands of the British .At least 6.000 to 16.000 of the Indonesian fighters were killed and 200,000 displaced civilians from Surabaya . Victims of British and Indian troops roughly a 600 - 2000 troops . Bloody battle in Surabaya which took thousands of lives have been moving around the Indonesian people's resistance to repel the invaders and defend freedom. The number of fallen fighters and civilians who became victims of the November 10 day later remembered as Heroes' Day by the Republic of Indonesia until now.
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